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Security COSE COSE JOSE This specification defines how to represent cryptographic keys for Kyber, an IND-CCA2-secure key encapsulation mechanism (KEM), for use with the key representation formats of JSON Web Key (JWK) and COSE (COSE_Key). About This Document The latest revision of this draft can be found at . Status information for this document may be found at . Discussion of this document takes place on the WG Working Group mailing list (), which is archived at . Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at .

Introduction TODO Introduction For additional details regarding kyber see pq-crystals.org/kyber.

Conventions and Definitions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

Representation Definition The following definitions apply to the lattice based key encapsulation mechanism known as Kyber.

JSON Web Key Representation When expressing a cryptographic key for these lattices in JSON Web Key (JWK) form, the following rules apply:

• The parameter "kty" MUST be present and set to "OKP".
• The parameter "lat" MUST be present and value MUST be one defined in (#lattice-parameter-registration).
• The parameter "x" MUST be present whose value represents the public key. This value MUST be encoded using the serialization defined in Appendix C and MUST be base64url encoded without padding as defined in Appendix C.
• The parameter "d" MUST be present for private key representations whose value MUST contain the little-endian representation of the private key base64url encoded without padding as defined in Appendix C. This parameter MUST NOT be present for public keys.

Lattice Parameter Registration

kty	lat
OKP	Kyber-1024
OKP	Kyber-768
OKP	Kyber-512

Security Considerations TODO Security

Test Vectors TODO Test Vectors

OKP Kyber-1024

publicKeyJwk { "kty": "OKP", "lat": "Kyber-1024", "x":\ "WhsBzzR94zp2ZaVSpddmugzAoZRgfoMPiAFqbthmRMxXIAZQMytvYIYPQEQyINitxxa\ \hPgd7b6Ix4PIpSpkeUnSSJxgY0KAtuiyiHoa2uQIjHkhsNNh3PFcCdvYUvVUwGtonEY\ \WrwGMW0SyzGFFqrbKDPsUPzmk7AQy6GSoVv7CfchlVcFmN6WaRZMrLO2hU1cN60Xwd8\ \UQXwBA9YwxeD1y9YCKvUTUV8YdfDLs2zZUTEOu7mccBkPgUYfV80jeXpdsqfFRyQ1gT\ \D2tLLuUKnvrACdCxNmfGZxQcWgA37_AR6eBVKyWsMwbMtPFd7olXiSyLrTscLsgYFKL\ \MGDk5L6RJzfujPzNwwEIU-UCVknNuSHq16bF_Czy7gwXKdoNpzEOJG7FL1BI2j-eAOo\ \oGEZKIOHq8qMqc-cc7SHyJnrYQESlp3zx9yXcscrRMCcaO6xGTLpBDlEGKTaopl_rCG\ \cceRWmFCoBnj2xotjpLeuw7dwer9kS089KFZToGr0vCfYm4wkJgSXFQYPCyvpFTfbQW\ \x_eIpwp4FCep2mZ92pyi1pYwHVIsVABfnXo_H_pd0ESPzntHOcs0VPjA1nWYglBJqkG\ \c11u2KtBUJ_OmmyYedqxxOnW2uxWFqFtGC8ijk4JL0tKxvOZUNJA9AKYoBbOFoJtwCS\ \N623hj4OhZfqVcaREvjJWFyVxc7mfIqsNP10wrPGa3UJMMXxaJd0svEFdBNMylj5Cdd\ \kabp1V7-ux2ckS7PbJ-noGZCip2fMdU4tUT4jEkyglY4AuViJQKu8Ef0DGcq3BEpEZr\ \s1FMQHEOpvAbw0RDtMl8vuqWkZy8VeAATVCrV5UN7cIH7-FnlVIDlZu4APmbTopZ2MR\ \0mqlQtoSAtAGK-Zk4REPPnfGgq7Q2_YgrQHJu8NmWSRLPPDu8NuxzIySFbTgpQNawTJ\ \uGG5NoOnKihrSARgEItNtRlZUUruC7JeSUjOab5uO8R2SAUVBEMSdob0MBQlI1zHdO7\ \LdO_0CpUjB41odGy7B4SSMLXOggoaAe-6a3uKeK5kwzXaBpcPMCZ1Ie-jcjiTCDRdsg\ \qflfe9hlZHx7b9lNM7JEJ6grTHNF1jA7WEE_j8dhnxBIf_N3fYop-xSNIqibL8iixZP\ \Bz0xYDtBbYoQZhSaBKCdL5qGNMklhpAEKryFo96G8UbEBOrAMRSqMRtKjnDo5XkHMl1\ \hsN5VnCPShwTJ45Kwb-eVR0uOvC5u1wiQV1Ju-YRR6dptiHXXLhLs1m7c_EVwAyXBca\ \oevMtNvZSMOQTGR0pCGMfUyesO5eXscxqAtYFzL2jnHhaqd0rk1LDa3UOV18BKK1LS5\ \Sgcr4xYWUPI7hTZgL2Z83IcMHMjKjXOLGXzHt-dId4qGtSVKAWKVBFYPgoMM53hfvYV\ \sfYCDfeqvo2iv_Nlh8XysLQpqSlIE5YRdOIOiInopKPE92fNORzxu0OF3x0WFOQwZo6\ \Cg0FgHpyC3ayCkJHcxmZUrk-oHTpEPgBxQdsF-0hUkZglzzQokI2oIxMACY4izsdyeX\ \NShDGM68vd3qyFrX_bF2UPG1dC-Lml9ziu_K6AlvReI9RA-W1lqLfV6ONYsrdiukASa\ \J6wn-5iK1dKvPoQ6gTstROaEIpAhBtcUUWqx0cYYHOzI5BWKGsGZTiB75nM9udW8IQY\ \mxTlaS7bH5IgbDNqk5qsrwopC6BBTHzsnC3q153GeL9w373Y8eiqrzcZlVxh-j9O4Fl\ \hFiQobqsIOv1dssGBX2jxaA6dqMjuPyXA3MPeiuCMYNIud9tYET_mgSuCE6lpmPyEwD\ \PZ8FuyUfGdOjRpPXAl6LnR_uJiZc2IGowhAiRl7b1Gt1Se7NqJEijpiWnKP_FTCctoD\ \onZv4VuNBbhgd7jEIcOkeTa0v_NplBhc7Oa-UzcP02FdRfhe_ABNlgtofKGL3JoAL1h\ \IL5NV4DOEkGQEEUmT5zdj3QBW92gOPmqTLblpSPIawWhIgjs_zBy6yMgX-kmHjiqRbL\ \GjAPQihgx02gJNl0ak8wakDwas0UU8FwEBFgjIqeGoS70kuJkh3mahkk8YbSxXB1AzE\ \LxuOCl5TOexDg4" }

privateKeyJwk json { "kty": "OKP", "lat": "Kyber-1024", "x":\ "WhsBzzR94zp2ZaVSpddmugzAoZRgfoMPiAFqbthmRMxXIAZQMytvYIYPQEQyINitxxa\ \hPgd7b6Ix4PIpSpkeUnSSJxgY0KAtuiyiHoa2uQIjHkhsNNh3PFcCdvYUvVUwGtonEY\ \WrwGMW0SyzGFFqrbKDPsUPzmk7AQy6GSoVv7CfchlVcFmN6WaRZMrLO2hU1cN60Xwd8\ \UQXwBA9YwxeD1y9YCKvUTUV8YdfDLs2zZUTEOu7mccBkPgUYfV80jeXpdsqfFRyQ1gT\ \D2tLLuUKnvrACdCxNmfGZxQcWgA37_AR6eBVKyWsMwbMtPFd7olXiSyLrTscLsgYFKL\ \MGDk5L6RJzfujPzNwwEIU-UCVknNuSHq16bF_Czy7gwXKdoNpzEOJG7FL1BI2j-eAOo\ \oGEZKIOHq8qMqc-cc7SHyJnrYQESlp3zx9yXcscrRMCcaO6xGTLpBDlEGKTaopl_rCG\ \cceRWmFCoBnj2xotjpLeuw7dwer9kS089KFZToGr0vCfYm4wkJgSXFQYPCyvpFTfbQW\ \x_eIpwp4FCep2mZ92pyi1pYwHVIsVABfnXo_H_pd0ESPzntHOcs0VPjA1nWYglBJqkG\ \c11u2KtBUJ_OmmyYedqxxOnW2uxWFqFtGC8ijk4JL0tKxvOZUNJA9AKYoBbOFoJtwCS\ \N623hj4OhZfqVcaREvjJWFyVxc7mfIqsNP10wrPGa3UJMMXxaJd0svEFdBNMylj5Cdd\ \kabp1V7-ux2ckS7PbJ-noGZCip2fMdU4tUT4jEkyglY4AuViJQKu8Ef0DGcq3BEpEZr\ \s1FMQHEOpvAbw0RDtMl8vuqWkZy8VeAATVCrV5UN7cIH7-FnlVIDlZu4APmbTopZ2MR\ 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secret text gl1XhlnH6KJDONLbOLrPCiOj962g48Sk-W67hoSBRTo

IANA Considerations

JSON Web Key Lattice Registry This specification establishes the IANA "JSON Web Key Lattice" registry for values of the JWK "lat" (algorithm) parameters. This section establishes the IANA "JSON Web Key Lattice" registry for JWK "lat" member values. The registry records the lattice name, implementation requirements, and a reference to the specification that defines it. This specification registers the parameter names defined in . The implementation requirements of a lattice may be changed over time as the cryptographic landscape evolves, for instance, to change the status of a lattice to Deprecated or to change the status of a lattice from Optional to Recommended+ or Required. Changes of implementation requirements are only permitted on a Specification Required basis after review by the Designated Experts, with the new specification defining the revised implementation requirements level.

Registration Template

Lattice Name:

The name requested (e.g., "Kyber-768"). Because a core goal of this specification is for the resulting representations to be compact, it is RECOMMENDED that the name be short -- not to exceed 8 characters without a compelling reason to do so. This name is case sensitive. Names may not match other registered names in a case-insensitive manner unless the Designated Experts state that there is a compelling reason to allow an exception.

Lattice Description:

Brief description of the lattice (e.g., "Kyber-768 Lattice").

JOSE Implementation Requirements:

The lattice implementation requirements for JWS and JWE, which must be one the words Required, Recommended, Optional, Deprecated, or Prohibited. Optionally, the word can be followed by a "+" or "-". The use of "+" indicates that the requirement strength is likely to be increased in a future version of the specification. The use of "-" indicates that the requirement strength is likely to be decreased in a future version of the specification.

Change Controller:

For Standards Track RFCs, list "IESG". For others, give the name of the responsible party. Other details (e.g., postal address, email address, home page URI) may also be included.

Specification Document(s):

Reference to the document or documents that specify the parameter, preferably including URIs that can be used to retrieve copies of the documents. An indication of the relevant sections may also be included but is not required.

Initial Registry Contents Kyber-768

• Lattice Name: Kyber-768
• Value: TBD (16 requested)
• Key Type: OKP
• Lattice Description: TODO
• JOSE Implementation Requirements: Optional
• Change Controller: IESG
• Specification Document(s):
• Recommended: Yes

References Normative References JSON Web Signature (JWS) represents content secured with digital signatures or Message Authentication Codes (MACs) using JSON-based data structures. Cryptographic algorithms and identifiers for use with this specification are described in the separate JSON Web Algorithms (JWA) specification and an IANA registry defined by that specification. Related encryption capabilities are described in the separate JSON Web Encryption (JWE) specification. In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protocol specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings. Informative References MPI-SPI & Radboud University Cloudflare This memo specifies Kyber, an IND-CCA2 secure Key Encapsulation Method. About This Document This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC. The latest revision of this draft can be found at https://bwesterb.github.io/draft-schwabe-cfrg-kyber/draft-cfrg- schwabe-kyber.html. Status information for this document may be found at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-cfrg-schwabe-kyber/. Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at https://github.com/bwesterb/draft-schwabe-cfrg-kyber.

Acknowledgments TODO acknowledge.