]> Trilliant Networks Inc.

610 Rue du Luxembourg Granby Quebec J2J 2V2 Canada +14503750556 michel.veillette@trilliant.com

Acklio

1137A avenue des Champs Blancs Cesson-Sevigne Bretagne 35510 France a@ackl.io

Google Switzerland GmbH

Brandschenkestrasse 110 Zurich Zurich 8002 Switzerland ivaylopetrov@google.com

Universität Bremen TZI

Postfach 330440 D-28359 Bremen Germany +49-421-218-63921 cabo@tzi.org

Sandelman Software Works

mcr+ietf@sandelman.ca

Applications and Real-Time Area (art) Internet Engineering Task Force CBOR YANG Schema Item iDentifiers (YANG SID) are globally unique 63-bit unsigned integers used to identify YANG items, as a more compact method to identify YANG items that can be used for efficiency and in constrained environments (RFC 7228). This document defines the semantics, the registration, and assignment processes of YANG SIDs for IETF managed YANG modules. To enable the implementation of these processes, this document also defines a file format used to persist and publish assigned YANG SIDs.

Introduction Some of the items defined in YANG require the use of a unique identifier. In both Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) and RESTCONF , these identifiers are implemented using names. To allow the implementation of data models defined in YANG in constrained devices and constrained networks, a more compact method to identify YANG items is required. This compact identifier, called YANG Schema Item iDentifier or YANG SID (or simply SID in this document and when the context is clear), is encoded using a 63-bit unsigned integer. The limitation to 63-bit unsigned integers allows SIDs to be manipulated more easily on platforms that might otherwise lack 64-bit unsigned arithmetic. The loss of a single bit of range is not significant given the size of the remaining space. The following items are identified using SIDs:

• identities
• data nodes (Note: including those nodes defined by the 'yang-data' extension.)
• remote procedure calls (RPCs) and associated input(s) and output(s)
• actions and associated input(s) and output(s)
• notifications and associated information
• YANG modules and features

It is possible that some protocols use only a subset of the assigned SIDs, for example, for protocols equivalent to NETCONF like the transportation of YANG module SIDs might be unnecessary. Other protocols might need to be able to transport this information, for example protocols related to discovery such as Constrained YANG Module Library . SIDs are globally unique integers. A registration system is used in order to guarantee their uniqueness. SIDs are registered in blocks called "SID ranges". SIDs are assigned permanently. Items introduced by a new revision of a YANG module are added to the list of SIDs already assigned. Assignment of SIDs to YANG items are usually automated as discussed in , which also discusses some cases where manual interventions may be appropriate. provides more details about the registration process of YANG modules and associated SIDs. To enable the implementation of this registry, defines a standard file format used to store and publish SIDs. IETF managed YANG modules that need to allocate SIDs use the IANA mechanism specified in this document. YANG modules created by other parties allocate SID ranges using the IANA allocation mechanisms via Mega-Ranges (see ); within the Mega-Range allocation, those other parties are free to make up their own mechanism. At the time of writing, a tool for automated ".sid" file generation is available as part of the open-source project PYANG .

Terminology and Notation The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. The following terms are defined in :

• action
• feature
• module
• notification
• RPC
• schema node
• schema tree
• submodule

The following term is defined in :

• yang-data extension

This specification also makes use of the following terminology:

• item: A schema node, an identity, a module, or a feature defined using the YANG modeling language.
• schema-node path: A schema-node path is a string that identifies a schema node within the schema tree. A path consists of the list of consecutive schema node identifier(s) separated by slashes ("/"). Schema node identifier(s) are always listed from the top-level schema node up to the targeted schema node and could contain namespace information. (e.g. "/ietf-system:system-state/clock/current-datetime")
• Namespace-qualified form - a schema node identifier is prefixed with the name of the module in which the schema node is defined, separated from the schema node identifier by the colon character (":").
• YANG Schema Item iDentifier (YANG SID or simply SID): Unsigned integer used to identify different YANG items.

".sid" file lifecycle YANG is a language designed to model data accessed using one of the compatible protocols (e.g. NETCONF , RESTCONF and CORECONF ). A YANG module defines hierarchies of data, including configuration, state data, RPCs, actions and notifications. Many YANG modules are not created in the context of constrained applications. YANG modules can be implemented using NETCONF or RESTCONF without the need to assign SIDs. As needed, authors of YANG modules can assign SIDs to their YANG modules. In order to do that, they should first obtain a SID range from a registry and use that range to assign or generate SIDs to items of their YANG module. The assignments can then be stored in a ".sid" file. For example on how this could be achieved, please refer to . Registration of the ".sid" file associated to a YANG module is optional but recommended to promote interoperability between devices and to avoid duplicate allocation of SIDs to a single YANG module. Different registries might have different requirements for the registration and publication of the ".sid" files. For a diagram of one of the possibilities, please refer to the activity diagram on in . Each time a YANG module or one of its imported module(s) or included sub-module(s) is updated, a new ".sid" file MAY be created if the new or updated items will need SIDs. All the SIDs present in the previous version of the ".sid" file MUST be present in the new version as well. The creation of this new version of the ".sid" file SHOULD be performed using an automated tool. If a new revision requires more SIDs than initially allocated, a new SID range MUST be added to the 'assignment-range' as defined in . These extra SIDs are used for subsequent assignments. For an example of this update process, see activity diagram in .

".sid" file format ".sid" files are used to persist and publish SIDs assigned to the different YANG items of a specific YANG module. It has the following structure.

YANG tree for ietf-sid-file

The following YANG module defines the structure of this file, encoding is performed in JSON using the rules defined in . It references ietf-yang-types defined in and ietf-restconf defined in . RFC Ed.: please update the date of the module and Copyright if needed and remove this note.

YANG module ietf-sid-file WG List: Editor: Michel Veillette Editor: Andy Bierman Editor: Alexander Pelov Editor: Ivaylo Petrov "; description "Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as authors of the code. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfcXXXX); see the RFC itself for full legal notices. The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL', 'SHALL NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'NOT RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and 'OPTIONAL' in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 (RFC 2119) (RFC 8174) when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. This module defines the structure of the .sid files. Each .sid file contains the mapping between each string identifier defined by a YANG module and a corresponding numeric value called YANG SID."; revision 2021-11-16 { description "Initial revision."; reference "[RFC XXXX] YANG Schema Item iDentifier (YANG SID)"; } typedef revision-identifier { type string { pattern '\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}'; } description "Represents a date in YYYY-MM-DD format."; } typedef sid-file-version-identifier { type uint32; description "Represents the version of a .sid file."; } typedef sid { type uint64 { range "0..9223372036854775807"; } description "YANG Schema Item iDentifier"; reference "[RFC XXXX] YANG Schema Item iDentifier (YANG SID)"; } typedef schema-node-path { type string { pattern '/[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_.]*:[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_.]*' + '(/[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_.]*(:[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_.]*)?)*'; } description "A schema-node path is an absolute YANG schema node identifier as defined by the YANG ABNF rule absolute-schema-nodeid, except that module names are used instead of prefixes. This string additionally follows the following rules: o The leftmost (top-level) data node name is always in the namespace-qualified form. o Any subsequent schema node name is in the namespace-qualified form if the node is defined in a module other than its parent node, and the simple form is used otherwise. No predicates are allowed."; reference "RFC 7950, The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language; Section 6.5: Schema Node Identifier;"; } sx:structure sid-file { uses sid-file-contents; } grouping sid-file { description "A grouping that contains a YANG container representing the file structure of a .sid files."; container sid-file { description "A Wrapper container that together with the rc:yang-data extension marks the YANG data structures inside as not being intended to be implemented as part of a configuration datastore or as an operational state within the server."; uses sid-file-contents; } } grouping sid-file-contents { description "A grouping that defines the contents of a container that represente the file structure of a .sid files."; leaf module-name { type yang:yang-identifier; mandatory true; description "Name of the YANG module associated with this .sid file."; } leaf module-revision { type revision-identifier; description "Revision of the YANG module associated with this .sid file. This leaf is not present if no revision statement is defined in the YANG module."; } leaf sid-file-version { type sid-file-version-identifier; default 0; description "Optional leaf that specifies the version number of the .sid file. .sid files and the version sequence are specific to a given YANG module revision. This number starts at zero when there is a new YANG module revision and increases monotonically. This number can distinguish updates to the .sid file which are the result of new processing, or the result of reported errata."; } leaf description { type string; description "Free-form meta information about the generated file. It might include .sid file generation tool and time among other things."; } list dependency-revision { key "module-name"; description "Information about the used revision during the .sid file generation of each YANG module that the module in 'module-name' imported."; leaf module-name { type yang:yang-identifier; description "Name of the YANG module, dependency of 'module-name', for which revision information is provided."; } leaf module-revision { type revision-identifier; mandatory true; description "Revision of the YANG module, dependency of 'module-name', for which revision information is provided."; } } list assignment-range { key "entry-point"; description "YANG SID range(s) allocated to the YANG module identified by 'module-name' and 'module-revision'. - The YANG SID range first available value is entry-point and the last available value in the range is (entry-point + size - 1). - The YANG SID ranges specified by all assignment-rages MUST NOT overlap."; leaf entry-point { type sid; description "Lowest YANG SID available for assignment."; } leaf size { type uint64; mandatory true; description "Number of YANG SIDs available for assignment."; } } list item { key "namespace identifier"; unique "sid"; description "Each entry within this list defined the mapping between a YANG item string identifier and a YANG SID. This list MUST include a mapping entry for each YANG item defined by the YANG module identified by 'module-name' and 'module-revision'."; leaf namespace { type enumeration { enum module { value 0; description "All module and submodule names share the same global module identifier namespace."; } enum identity { value 1; description "All identity names defined in a module and its submodules share the same identity identifier namespace."; } enum feature { value 2; description "All feature names defined in a module and its submodules share the same feature identifier namespace."; } enum data { value 3; description "The namespace for all data nodes, as defined in YANG."; } } description "Namespace of the YANG item for this mapping entry."; } leaf identifier { type union { type yang:yang-identifier; type schema-node-path; } description "String identifier of the YANG item for this mapping entry. If the corresponding 'namespace' field is 'module', 'feature', or 'identity', then this field MUST contain a valid YANG identifier string. If the corresponding 'namespace' field is 'data', then this field MUST contain a valid schema node path."; } leaf sid { type sid; mandatory true; description "YANG SID assigned to the YANG item for this mapping entry."; } } } } ]]>

Content-Types The following Content-Type has been defined in :

application/yang-data+cbor; id=sid:

This Content-Type represents a CBOR YANG document containing one or multiple data node values. Each data node is identified by its associated SID.

FORMAT: CBOR map of SID, instance-value

The message payload of Content-Type 'application/yang-data+cbor' is encoded using a CBOR map. Each entry within the CBOR map contains the data node identifier (i.e. SID) and the associated instance-value. Instance-values are encoded using the rules defined in .

Security Considerations This document defines a new type of identifier used to encode data that are modeled in YANG . This new identifier maps semantic concepts to integers, and if the source of this mapping is not trusted, then new security risks might occur if an attacker can control the mapping. At the time of writing, it is expected that the SID files will be processed by a software developer, within a software development environment. Developers are advised to only import SID files from authoritative sources. IANA is the authoritative source for IETF managed YANG modules. Conceptually, SID files could be processed by less-constrained target systems such as network management systems. Such systems need to take extra care to make sure that they are only processing SID files from authoritative sources, as authoritative as the YANG modules that they are using.

IANA Considerations

YANG Namespace Registration This document registers the following XML namespace URN in the "IETF XML Registry", following the format defined in : URI: please assign urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-sid-file Registrant Contact: The IESG. XML: N/A, the requested URI is an XML namespace. Reference: RFC XXXX // RFC Ed.: please replace XXXX with RFC number and remove this note

Register ".sid" File Format Module This document registers one YANG module in the "YANG Module Names" registry :

• name: ietf-sid-file
• namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-sid-file
• prefix: sid
• reference: RFC XXXX

// RFC Ed.: please replace XXXX with RFC number and remove this note

Create new IANA Registry: "YANG SID Mega-Range" registry The name of this registry is "YANG SID Mega-Range". This registry is used to record the delegation of the management of a block of SIDs to third parties (such as SDOs or registrars).

Structure Each entry in this registry must include:

• The entry point (first SID) of the registered SID block.
• The size of the registered SID block. The size SHOULD be one million (1 000 000) SIDs, it MAY exceptionally be a multiple of 1 000 000.
• The contact information of the requesting organization including:
  • The policy of SID range allocations: Public, Private or Both.
  • Organization name
  • URL

Allocation policy The IANA policy for future additions to this registry is "Expert Review" . An organization requesting to manage a YANG SID Range (and thus have an entry in the YANG SID Mega-Range Registry), must ensure the following capacities:

• The capacity to manage and operate a YANG SID Range Registry. A YANG SID Range Registry MUST provide the following information for all YANG SID Ranges allocated by the Registry:
  • Entry Point of allocated YANG SID Range
  • Size of allocated YANG SID Range
  • Type: Public or Private
    • Public Ranges MUST include at least a reference to the YANG module and ".sid" files for that YANG SID Range (e.g., compare for the IETF YANG SID registry).
    • Private Ranges MUST be marked as "Private"
• A Policy of allocation, which clearly identifies if the YANG SID Range allocations would be Private, Public or Both.
• Technical capacity to ensure the sustained operation of the registry for a period of at least 5 years. If Private Registrations are allowed, the period must be of at least 10 years.

If a size of the allocation beyond 1 000 000 is desired, the organization must demonstrate the sustainability of the technical approach for utilizing this size of allocation and how it does not negatively impact the overall usability of the SID allocation mechanisms; such allocations are preferably placed in the space above 4 295 000 000 (64-bit space).

First allocation For a first allocation to be provided, the requesting organization must demonstrate a functional registry infrastructure.

Consecutive allocations On subsequent allocation request(s), the organization must demonstrate the exhaustion of the prior range. These conditions need to be asserted by the assigned expert(s). If that extra-allocation is done within 3 years from the last allocation, the experts need to discuss this request on the CORE working group mailing list and consensus needs to be obtained before allocating a new Mega-Range.

Initial contents of the Registry The initial entry in this registry is allocated to IANA:

Entry Point	Size	Allocation	Organization name	URL
0	1000000	Public	IANA	iana.org

Create a new IANA Registry: IETF YANG SID Range Registry (managed by IANA)

Structure Each entry in this registry must include:

• The SID range entry point.
• The SID range size.
• The YANG module name.
• Document reference.

Allocation policy The first million SIDs assigned to IANA is sub-divided as follows:

• The range of 0 to 999 (size 1000) is subject to "IESG Approval" as defined in ; of these, SID value 0 has been reserved for implementations to internally signify the absence of a SID number and does not occur in interchange.
• The range of 1000 to 59,999 (size 59,000) is designated for YANG modules defined in RFCs.
  • The IANA policy for additions to this registry is either:
    • "Expert Review" in case the ".sid" file comes from a YANG module from an existing RFC, or
    • "RFC Required" otherwise.
  • The Expert MUST verify that the YANG module for which this allocation is made has an RFC (existing RFC) OR is on track to become RFC (early allocation with a request from the WG chairs as defined by ).
• The range of 60,000 to 99,999 (size 40,000) is reserved for experimental YANG modules. This range MUST NOT be used in operational deployments since these SIDs are not globally unique which limit their interoperability. The IANA policy for this range is "Experimental use" .
• The range of 100,000 to 999,999 (size 900,000) is "Reserved" as defined in .

Entry Point	Size	IANA policy
0	1,000	IESG Approval
1,000	59,000	RFC Required
60,000	40,000	Experimental/Private use
100,000	900,000	Reserved

The size of the SID range allocated for a YANG module is recommended to be a multiple of 50 and to be at least 33% above the current number of YANG items. This headroom allows assignment within the same range of new YANG items introduced by subsequent revisions. The SID range size SHOULD NOT exceed 1000; a larger size may be requested by the authors if this recommendation is considered insufficient. It is important to note that an additional SID range can be allocated to an existing YANG module if the initial range is exhausted; this then just leads to slightly less efficient representation. In case a SID range is allocated for an existing RFC through the "Expert Review" policy, the Document reference field for the given allocation should point to the RFC that the YANG module is defined in. In case a SID range is required before publishing the RFC due to implementations needing stable SID values, early allocation as defined in can be employed. As specified in , RFCs and by extension documents that are expected to become an RFC fulfill the requirement for "Specification Required" stated in Section 2 of , which allows for the early allocation process to be employed.

Publication of the ".sid" file For a YANG module approved for publication as an RFC, a ".sid" file SHOULD be included in the Internet-Draft as a source code block. This ".sid" file is to be extracted by IANA/the expert reviewer and put into the YANG SID Registry () along with the YANG module. The ".sid" file MUST NOT be published as part of the RFC: the IANA Registry is authoritative and a link is to be inserted in the RFC.

Initial contents of the registry Initial entries in this registry are as follows:

Entry Point	Size	Module name	Document reference
0	1	(Reserved: not a valid SID)	RFCXXXX
1000	100	ietf-coreconf
1100	50	ietf-yang-types
1150	50	ietf-inet-types
1200	50	iana-crypt-hash
1250	50	ietf-netconf-acm
1300	50	ietf-sid-file	RFCXXXX
1500	100	ietf-interfaces
1600	100	ietf-ip
1700	100	ietf-system
1800	400	iana-if-type
2400	50	ietf-voucher
2450	50	ietf-constrained-voucher
2500	50	ietf-constrained-voucher-request

// RFC Ed.: replace XXXX with RFC number assigned to this draft. For allocation, RFC publication of the YANG module is required as per . The YANG module must be registered in the "YANG module Name" registry according to the rules specified in .

Create new IANA Registry: "IETF YANG SID Registry" The name of this registry is "IETF YANG SID Registry". This registry is used to record the allocation of SIDs for individual YANG module items.

Structure Each entry in this registry must include:

• The YANG module name. This module name must be present in the "Name" column of the "YANG Module Names" registry.
• A link to the associated ".yang" file. This file link must be present in the "File" column of the "YANG Module Names" registry.
• The link to the ".sid" file which defines the allocation. The ".sid" file is stored by IANA.
• The number of actually allocated SIDs in the ".sid" file.

Allocation policy The allocation policy is Expert review. The Expert MUST ensure that the following conditions are met:

• The ".sid" file has a valid structure:
  • The ".sid" file MUST be a valid JSON file following the structure of the module defined in RFCXXXX (RFC Ed: replace XXX with RFC number assigned to this draft).
• The ".sid" file allocates individual SIDs ONLY in the YANG SID Ranges for this YANG module (as allocated in the IETF YANG SID Range Registry):
  • All SIDs in this ".sid" file MUST be within the ranges allocated to this YANG module in the "IETF YANG SID Range Registry".
• If another ".sid" file has already allocated SIDs for this YANG module (e.g. for older or newer versions of the YANG module), the YANG items are assigned the same SIDs as in the other ".sid" file.
• If there is an older version of the ".sid" file, all allocated SIDs from that version are still present in the current version of the ".sid" file.

Recursive Allocation of YANG SID Range at Document Adoption Due to the difficulty in changing SID values during IETF document processing, it is expected that most documents will ask for SID allocations using Early Allocations . The details of the Early Allocation should be included in any Working Group Adoption call. Prior to Working Group Adoption, an internet draft author can use the experimental SID range (as per ) for their SIDs allocations or other values that do not create ambiguity with other SID uses (for example they can use a range that comes from a non-IANA managed "YANG SID Mega-Range" registry). After Working Group Adoption, any modification of a ".sid" file is expected to be discussed on the mailing list of the appropriate Working Groups. Specific attention should be paid to implementers' opinion after Working Group Last Call if a SID value is to change its meaning. In all cases, a ".sid" file and the SIDs associated with it are subject to change before the publication of an internet draft as an RFC. During the early use of SIDs, many existing, previously published YANG modules will not have SID allocations. For an allocation to be useful the included YANG modules may also need to have SID allocations made. The Expert Reviewer who performs the (Early) Allocation analysis will need to go through the list of included YANG modules and perform SID allocations for those modules as well.

• If the document is a published RFC, then the allocation of SIDs for its referenced YANG modules is permanent. The Expert Reviewer provides the generated ".sid" file to IANA for registration. This process may be time-consuming during a bootstrap period (there are over 100 YANG modules to date, none of which have SID allocations), but should quiet down once needed entries are allocated.
• If the document is an unprocessed Internet-Draft adopted in a WG, then an Early Allocation is performed for this document as well. Early Allocations require approval by an IESG Area Director. An early allocation which requires additional allocations will list the other allocations in its description, and will be cross-posted to the any other working group mailing lists.
• A YANG module which references a module in a document which has not yet been adopted by any working group will be unable to perform an Early Allocation for that other document until it is adopted by a working group. As described in , an AD Sponsored document acts as if it had a working group. The approving AD may also exempt a document from this policy by agreeing to AD Sponsor the document.

At the end of the IETF process all the dependencies of a given module for which SIDs are assigned, should also have SIDs assigned. Those dependencies' assignments should be permanent (not Early Allocation). A previously SID-allocated YANG module which changes its references to include a YANG module for which there is no SID allocation needs to repeat the Early Allocation process. Early Allocations are made with a one-year period, after which they are expired. indicates that at most one renewal may be made. For the SID allocation a far more lenient stance is desired.

1. An extension of a referencing documents Early Allocation should update any referenced Early Allocations to expire no sooner than the referencing document.
2. The mechanism allows the IESG to provide a second renewal, and such an event may prompt some thought about how the collection of documents are being processed.

This is driven by the very generous size of the SID space and the often complex and deep dependencies of YANG modules. Often a core module with many dependencies will undergo extensive review, delaying the publication of other documents. also says:

Initial contents of the registry None.

References Normative References This document describes an IANA maintained registry for IETF standards which use Extensible Markup Language (XML) related items such as Namespaces, Document Type Declarations (DTDs), Schemas, and Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schemas. This document introduces a collection of common data types to be used with the YANG data modeling language. This document obsoletes RFC 6021. This memo describes the process for early allocation of code points by IANA from registries for which "Specification Required", "RFC Required", "IETF Review", or "Standards Action" policies apply. This process can be used to alleviate the problem where code point allocation is needed to facilitate desired or required implementation and deployment experience prior to publication of an RFC, which would normally trigger code point allocation. The procedures in this document are intended to apply only to IETF Stream documents. YANG is a data modeling language used to model configuration data, state data, Remote Procedure Calls, and notifications for network management protocols. This document describes the syntax and semantics of version 1.1 of the YANG language. YANG version 1.1 is a maintenance release of the YANG language, addressing ambiguities and defects in the original specification. There are a small number of backward incompatibilities from YANG version 1. This document also specifies the YANG mappings to the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF). This document defines encoding rules for representing configuration data, state data, parameters of Remote Procedure Call (RPC) operations or actions, and notifications defined using YANG as JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) text. This document describes an HTTP-based protocol that provides a programmatic interface for accessing data defined in YANG, using the datastore concepts defined in the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF). JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a lightweight, text-based, language-independent data interchange format. It was derived from the ECMAScript Programming Language Standard. JSON defines a small set of formatting rules for the portable representation of structured data. This document removes inconsistencies with other specifications of JSON, repairs specification errors, and offers experience-based interoperability guidance. Trilliant Networks Inc. Google Switzerland GmbH Acklio Universität Bremen TZI Sandelman Software Works Based on the Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR, RFC 8949), this document defines encoding rules for representing configuration data, state data, parameters and results of Remote Procedure Call (RPC) operations or actions, and notifications, defined using YANG (RFC 7950). In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protocol specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings. Informative References YANG is a data modeling language used to model configuration and state data manipulated by the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF), NETCONF remote procedure calls, and NETCONF notifications. [STANDARDS-TRACK] The Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) defined in this document provides mechanisms to install, manipulate, and delete the configuration of network devices. It uses an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based data encoding for the configuration data as well as the protocol messages. The NETCONF protocol operations are realized as remote procedure calls (RPCs). This document obsoletes RFC 4741. [STANDARDS-TRACK] This document defines the initial version of the iana-if-type YANG module. The Internet Protocol Suite is increasingly used on small devices with severe constraints on power, memory, and processing resources, creating constrained-node networks. This document provides a number of basic terms that have been useful in the standardization work for constrained-node networks. This document defines a YANG data model for the configuration and identification of some common system properties within a device containing a Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) server. This document also includes data node definitions for system identification, time-of-day management, user management, DNS resolver configuration, and some protocol operations for system management. Many protocols make use of points of extensibility that use constants to identify various protocol parameters. To ensure that the values in these fields do not have conflicting uses and to promote interoperability, their allocations are often coordinated by a central record keeper. For IETF protocols, that role is filled by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). To make assignments in a given registry prudently, guidance describing the conditions under which new values should be assigned, as well as when and how modifications to existing values can be made, is needed. This document defines a framework for the documentation of these guidelines by specification authors, in order to assure that the provided guidance for the IANA Considerations is clear and addresses the various issues that are likely in the operation of a registry. This is the third edition of this document; it obsoletes RFC 5226. The standardization of network configuration interfaces for use with the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) or the RESTCONF protocol requires a structured and secure operating environment that promotes human usability and multi-vendor interoperability. There is a need for standard mechanisms to restrict NETCONF or RESTCONF protocol access for particular users to a preconfigured subset of all available NETCONF or RESTCONF protocol operations and content. This document defines such an access control model. This document obsoletes RFC 6536. This document defines a YANG data model for the management of network interfaces. It is expected that interface-type-specific data models augment the generic interfaces data model defined in this document. The data model includes definitions for configuration and system state (status information and counters for the collection of statistics). The YANG data model in this document conforms to the Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA) defined in RFC 8342. This document obsoletes RFC 7223. This document defines a YANG data model for management of IP implementations. The data model includes configuration and system state. The YANG data model in this document conforms to the Network Management Datastore Architecture defined in RFC 8342. This document obsoletes RFC 7277. This document defines a strategy to securely assign a pledge to an owner using an artifact signed, directly or indirectly, by the pledge's manufacturer. This artifact is known as a "voucher". This document defines an artifact format as a YANG-defined JSON document that has been signed using a Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) structure. Other YANG-derived formats are possible. The voucher artifact is normally generated by the pledge's manufacturer (i.e., the Manufacturer Authorized Signing Authority (MASA)). This document only defines the voucher artifact, leaving it to other documents to describe specialized protocols for accessing it. Trilliant Networks Inc. consultant Acklio YumaWorks Acklio This document describes a network management interface for constrained devices and networks, called CoAP Management Interface (CORECONF). The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is used to access datastore and data node resources specified in YANG, or SMIv2 converted to YANG. CORECONF uses the YANG to CBOR mapping and converts YANG identifier strings to numeric identifiers for payload size reduction. CORECONF extends the set of YANG based protocols, NETCONF and RESTCONF, with the capability to manage constrained devices and networks. Trilliant Networks Inc. Acklio This document describes a constrained version of the YANG library that provides information about the YANG modules, datastores, and datastore schemas used by a constrained network management server (e.g., a CORECONF server). Sandelman Software Works vanderstok consultancy Cisco Systems IoTconsultancy.nl This document defines a protocol to securely assign a Pledge to an owner and to enroll it into the owner's network. The protocol uses an artifact that is signed by the Pledge's manufacturer. This artifact is known as a "voucher". This document builds upon the work in [RFC8366] and [BRSKI], but defines an encoding of the voucher in CBOR rather than JSON, and enables the Pledge to perform its transactions using CoAP rather than HTTPS. The use of Raw Public Keys instead of X.509 certificates for security operations is also explained.

".sid" file example The following ".sid" file (ietf-system@2014-08-06.sid) has been generated using the following yang modules:

• ietf-system@2014-08-06.yang (defined in )
• ietf-yang-types@2013-07-15.yang (defined in )
• ietf-inet-types@2013-07-15.yang (defined in )
• ietf-netconf-acm@2018-02-14.yang (defined in )
• iana-crypt-hash@2014-08-06.yang (defined in )

For purposes of exposition, line breaks have been introduced below in some JSON strings that represent overly long identifiers.

Example .sid file (ietf-system, with extra line-breaks)

For reconstructing the actual JSON file from this figure, all line breaks that occur in what would be JSON strings need to be removed, including any following blank space (indentation) on the line after the line break; in each such case, a single identifier without any embedded blank space results. This removal can be accomplished with this simple Ruby script:

SID auto generation Assignment of SIDs to YANG items SHOULD be automated. The recommended process to assign SIDs is as follows:

1. A tool extracts the different items defined for a specific YANG module.
2. The list of items is sorted in alphabetical order, 'namespace' in descending order, 'identifier' in ascending order. The 'namespace' and 'identifier' formats are described in the YANG module 'ietf-sid-file' defined in .
3. SIDs are assigned sequentially from the entry point up to the size of the registered SID range. This approach is recommended to minimize the serialization overhead, especially when delta between a reference SID and the current SID is used by protocols aiming to reduce message size.
4. If the number of items exceeds the SID range(s) allocated to a YANG module, an extra range is added for subsequent assignments.
5. The "dependency-revision" should reflect the revision numbers of each YANG module that the YANG module imports at the moment of the generation.

When updating a YANG module that is in active use, the existing SID assignments are maintained. (In contrast, when evolving an early draft that has not yet been adopted by a community of developers, SID assignments are often better done from scratch after a revision.) If the name of a schema node changes, but the data remain structurally and semantically similar to what was previously available under an old name, the SID that was used for the old name MAY continue to be used for the new name. If the meaning of an item changes, a new SID MAY be assigned to it; this is particularly useful to allow the new SID to identify the new structure or semantics of the item. If the YANG data type changes in a new revision of a published module, such that the resulting CBOR encoding is changed, then implementations will be aided significantly if a new SID is assigned. Note that these decisions are generally at the discretion of the YANG module author, who should decide if the benefits of a manual intervention are worth the deviation from automatic assignment. In case of an update to an existing ".sid" file, an additional step is needed that increments the ".sid" file version number. If there was no version number in the previous version of the ".sid" file, 0 is assumed as the version number of the old version of the ".sid" file and the version number is 1 for the new ".sid" file. Apart from that, changes of ".sid" files can also be automated using the same method described above, only unassigned YANG items are processed at step #3. Already existing items in the ".sid" file should not be given new SIDs. Note that ".sid" file versions are specific to a YANG module revision. For each new YANG module or each new revision of an existing YANG module, the version number of the initial ".sid" file should either be 0 or should not be present. Note also that RPC or action "input" and "output" data nodes MUST always be assigned SID even if they don't contain data nodes. The reason for this requirement is that other modules can augment the given module and those SIDs might be necessary.

".sid" file lifecycle Before assigning SIDs to their YANG modules, YANG module authors must acquire a SID range from a "YANG SID Range Registry". If the YANG module is part of an IETF draft or RFC, the SID range need to be acquired from the "IETF YANG SID Range Registry" as defined in . For the other YANG modules, the authors can acquire a SID range from any "YANG SID Range Registry" of their choice. Once the SID range is acquired, owners can use it to generate ".sid" file/s for their YANG module/s. It is recommended to leave some unallocated SIDs following the allocated range in each ".sid" file in order to allow better evolution of the YANG module in the future. Generation of ".sid" files should be performed using an automated tool. Note that ".sid" files can only be generated for YANG modules and not for submodules.

".sid" File Creation The following activity diagram summarizes the creation of a YANG module and its associated ".sid" file.

SID Lifecycle | YANG module | / \ +------+--------+ | v .-------------. / Standardized \ yes \ YANG module ? /------------+ '-----+-------' | | no | v v .-------------. +---------------+ +--> / Constrained \ yes | SID range | | \ application ? /---->| registration |<---------+ | '-----+-------' +------+--------+ | | | no | | | v v | | +---------------+ +---------------+ | +----+ YANG module | | SID sub-range | | | update | | assignment |<----------+ +---------------+ +-------+-------+ | | | v | +---------------+ +------+------+ | ".sid" file | | Rework YANG | | generation | | module | +-------+-------+ +-------------+ | ^ v | .----------. yes | / Work in \ -----------+ \ progress / '----+-----' | no v .-------------. .-------------. / RFC \ no / Open \ no \ publication? /---> \ specification?/---+ '------+------' '------+------' | yes | | yes | | .------------' | | / | v v v +---------------+ +---------------+ | IANA | | Third party | | registration | | registration | +-------+-------+ +---------+-----+ | | +---------------------------------+ v [DONE] ]]>

".sid" File Update The following Activity diagram summarizes the update of a YANG module and its associated ".sid" file.

YANG and ".sid" file update | YANG module | / \ | or include(s) | | or import(s) | +------+--------+ | v .-------------. / New items \ yes \ created ? /------+ '------+------' | | no v | .-------------. +----------------+ | / SID range \ yes | Extra sub-range| | \ exhausted ? /---->| assignment | | '------+------' +-------+--------+ | | no | | +---------------------+ | | | v | +---------------+ | | ".sid" file | | | update based | | | on previous | | | ".sid" file | | +-------+-------+ | | | v | .-------------. +---------------+ | / Publicly \ yes | YANG module | | \ available ? /---->| registration | | '------+------' +-------+-------+ | | no | +--------------+---------------------+ | [DONE] ]]>

Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank , , , , and for their help during the development of this document and their useful comments during the review process.

Contributors YumaWorks

685 Cochran St. Suite #160 Simi Valley CA 93065 USA andy@yumaworks.com