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general RADEXT Working Group Internet-Draft Connect-Info RADIUS This document describes a syntax for the Connect-Info attribute used with the Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) protocol, enabling RADIUS clients to provide RADIUS servers information pertaining to the operation of an IEEE 802.11 wireless network.

Introduction The Connect-Info attribute is defined in to enable a Network Access Server (NAS) to indicate to a RADIUS server "the nature of the user's connection". includes the recommendation that:

• The connection speed SHOULD be included at the beginning of the first Connect-Info attribute in the packet. If the transmit and receive connection speeds differ, they MAY both be included in the first attribute with the transmit speed first (the speed the NAS modem transmits at), a slash (/), the receive speed, then optionally other information.

but where the definition of "speed" is not defined in . The Connect-Info attribute can be sent in both Access-Request and Accounting-Request messages, as shown in .

Many NAS implementations have implemented the Connect-Info attribute. Wi-Fi vendors supporting the Connect-Info attribute start the text field with "CONNECT" that is typically followed by a floating point value representing the maximum connection speed in Mbps. Implementations follow this with text information about the IEEE 802.11 amendment supported, as illustrated in .

Other implementations have extended this baseline to signal additional information to the RADIUS server using a slash (/) delimiter, as illustrated in . Note, these examples together with the recommendation in are illustrations of complex data types, as described in section 3.2.3 of .

There are use-cases that benefit from being able to share Wi-Fi access network quality metrics between a NAS and a server, including where the NAS is operated by an Access Network Provider (ANP) and the server is operated by an Identity Provider (IDP). Reception of the Connect-Info attribute by a RADIUS server is intended to be used to assist the IDP in making authorization decisions. The rest of this document describes a syntax for the Connect-Info attribute that is simultaneously able to support existing, complex data type, vendor implementations, while being enhanced with additional optional information to support new use-cases and requirements. Whereas discourages the introduction of new complex data types where viable alternatives exist, it is argued that the present document does not introduce a new complex data type, rather extends the syntax used in existing implementations of the Connect-Info attribute that currently encode a complex data type. Note, the techniques by which a server uses the information encoded in the Connect-Info attribute to assist in making authorization decisions are not defined in this document. Some servers MAY define the use a threshold for one or more parameters received in an access-request, other systems MAY use historical Connect-Info records from previously authenticated sessions, including those in the accounting-request messages received from the same NAS, still other systems MAY decide to algorithmically combine the parameters into a new metric used when making authorization decisions.

Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

Terminology Access Network Provider (ANP):

• A Wi-Fi operator that has configured its Wi-Fi equipment to support inbound roaming of users.

Identity Provider (IDP):

• An entity that authenticates end-user Wi-Fi devices onto ANP networks.

Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI):

• A measurement of the power level that is received by an antenna from a wireless device.

Types of Connect-Info Metrics The access network characteristics that can be shared between NAS and AAA include those that can be used to derive a quality metric of the performance of a Wi-Fi network. These include characteristics associated with the IEEE 802.11 connection: the Wi-Fi 802.11 version, the Wi-Fi channel number and global operating class as defined in , and the Wi-Fi transmit and receive bit rates. Other use cases benefit from being able to share characteristics able to be calculated by the Wi-Fi access point's 802.11 driver, including: received signal strength indicator (RSSI), frame loss rate, and frame retry rate. Still other use cases benefit from sharing characteristics pertaining to the static configuration of the Wi-Fi network, including: the configured value of the minimum RSSI level for a device to associate/authenticate to the access point. Finally, other use cases benefit from sharing quality characteristics that are not uniquely associated with a specific connection, including measured values of: delay between the Wi-Fi access network and the Internet, airtime utilization experienced by the Wi-Fi access point, and noise floor experienced by the Wi-Fi access point. The identified use cases include those where the metrics shared using the Connect-Info attribute are compared between different Wi-Fi systems, that can be operated using equipment from different vendors. In such a scenario, the algorithm used to generate a metric by a first installation can be different from the algorithm used to generate the same metric by a second installation. In order to facilitate comparisons in such a situation, there are benefits in sharing additional information pertaining to how a metric is calculated. This additional information includes: whether a calculation represents an average or a median value, whether an average value represent a linear or exponential moving average, and the configuration of the time duration over which a metric was calculated.

ABNF syntax for Connect-Info The Augmented Backus-Naur form (ABNF) is a syntax for specifications defined in . The proposed ABNF syntax for the text of the Connect-Info attribute used with Wi-Fi networks is shown below. This syntax is intended to encompass current vendor implementations while supporting optional enhancements to support sharing of new parameters.

Example encoding in Access-Request The Connect-Info attribute value is limited to 253 bytes. Example encodings using the ABNF definition are illustrated in , indicating that the metrics can be signaled while keeping the attribute size below 253 bytes. In these examples, less than 215 bytes are used to encode the access network metric information.

Implementations In July 2024, a proof of concept was built using modified hostapd code (https://w1.fi/) that is able to populate the connect-info attributes according to the syntax defined above. In December 2024, Helium Network (www.helium.com) upgraded their deployment of 17,000 OpenWi-Fi/OpenWRT Wi-Fi Access points to support the enhanced connect-info attribute.

Security Considerations This document describes a syntax that enables a RADIUS client to provide a RADIUS server information pertaining to the operation of an IEEE 802.11 wireless network. The terms agreed between the operator of the RADIUS client and the operator of the RADIUS server SHOULD include restrictions on the use of such non-personal information by the operator of the RADIUS server, for example limiting the use of such information to making RADIUS server authorization decisions and prohibiting a RADIUS server from disclosing information signalled in the Connect-Info attribute to any third-party.

IANA Considerations This document has no IANA Actions.

In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protocol specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings. This document describes a protocol for carrying authentication, authorization, and configuration information between a Network Access Server which desires to authenticate its links and a shared Authentication Server. [STANDARDS-TRACK] This document describes additional attributes for carrying authentication, authorization and accounting information between a Network Access Server (NAS) and a shared Accounting Server using the Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) protocol described in RFC 2865 and RFC 2866. This memo provides information for the Internet community. Internet technical specifications often need to define a formal syntax. Over the years, a modified version of Backus-Naur Form (BNF), called Augmented BNF (ABNF), has been popular among many Internet specifications. The current specification documents ABNF. It balances compactness and simplicity with reasonable representational power. The differences between standard BNF and ABNF involve naming rules, repetition, alternatives, order-independence, and value ranges. This specification also supplies additional rule definitions and encoding for a core lexical analyzer of the type common to several Internet specifications. [STANDARDS-TRACK] This document provides guidelines for the design of attributes used by the Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) protocol. It is expected that these guidelines will prove useful to authors and reviewers of future RADIUS attribute specifications, within the IETF as well as other Standards Development Organizations (SDOs). This memo documents an Internet Best Current Practice.

Changelog 01 - Added extensibility to ABNF and corrected syntax. Added security considerations section. Added note on TxBitRate/RxBitRate when included in Accounting-Request type Stop. 02 - Corrected ABNF syntax definition of RATE. 03 - Switched to individual submission. Updated ABNF to ease parsing of key/value pairs. 04 - Updated ABNF i) switching from band to global operating class, ii) added Wi-Fi Alliance generational name support as an alternative to 802.11 amendment designator, iii) permit legacy absolute and signed representations of signal strength, and iv) added WAN-RTT attribute 05 - Added clarifications that information is shared to enable a RADIUS server to make improved authorization decisions. Switched back to IETF submission. Added text about aligning with legacy implementations that do not adhere to RFC6158.

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank all the members of the WBA's Access Network Metrics project team who have helped review and refine the Connect-Info syntax. Thanks to Jouni Malinen for his review and recommendation to define encoding for Global Operating Class.

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